Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://www.jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/1677-5449.180119
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Review Article

Hematoma intramural e úlcera penetrante da aorta: incertezas e controvérsias

Intramural hematoma and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers of the aorta: uncertainties and controversies

Adamastor Humberto Pereira

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Resumo

Resumo: A história natural do hematoma intramural (HI) e da úlcera penetrante (UP) é muito variável, já que podem progredir para a formação de aneurisma, ruptura, dissecção, e podem até mesmo regredir, no caso específico do HI. Exames de imagem têm crescente papel no manejo clínico e operatório da UP e do HI. Ao contrário das projeções semelhantes a úlcera, achados de lagos sanguíneos não são relatados nos estudos tomográficos de pacientes com HI. O entendimento das características da imagem e do curso natural de cada uma dessas entidades ajudará clínicos e cirurgiões a identificar os pacientes com maior risco para um mau prognóstico e pode melhorar os desfechos. A fisiopatologia dessas entidades, as controvérsias no que se refere a suas histórias naturais e os fatores prognósticos das imagens tomográficas são discutidos neste artigo.

Palavras-chave

síndrome aórtica aguda, hematoma intramural da aorta, hematoma aórtico, úlcera penetrante da aorta

Abstract

Abstract: The natural histories of intramural hematoma (IMH) and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU) are highly variable as they may progress to aneurysm formation, rupture, or dissection, or even resolve, in the specific case of IMH. Imaging plays an increasingly important role in clinical and surgical management of IMH and PAU. In contrast to ulcer-like projections, images of intramural blood pools have not been widely reported in CT studies of patients with IMH. Understanding the imaging characteristics and the natural course of each of these entities would help clinicians and surgeons to identify patients at greatest risk for bad prognosis and may improve outcomes. This paper discusses the pathophysiology of these entities, the controversies regarding their natural history, and the prognostic factors that should be identified in CT scans.
 

Keywords

acute aortic syndrome, intramural aortic hematoma, aortic hematoma, penetrating ulcers of aorta

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