Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://www.jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/1677-5449.202200841
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Original Article

Indicações para ecodoppler de carótidas em pacientes assintomáticos - estamos solicitando corretamente?

Indications for carotid Doppler ultrasound in asymptomatic patients – are we ordering it correctly?

Alcides Alves da Silva Júnior; André Brusamolin Moro; Jeferson Freitas Toregeani

Downloads: 2
Views: 409

Resumo

Contexto: Artérias carótidas são locais de frequentes patologias, sendo a mais comum a aterosclerose, podendo resultar na formação de placas com estenose. Para avaliarmos as carótidas em pacientes assintomáticos, o método de ultrassonografia Doppler ou ecodoppler é, atualmente, o exame de eleição, indicado para a triagem e o diagnóstico de lesões vasculares. As diretrizes atuais recomendam o rastreamento em pacientes que apresentem fatores de risco para estenose carotídea e que estejam aptos e dispostos ao tratamento medicamentoso/intervenção carotídea. A triagem em pacientes assintomáticos na população adulta em geral e sem fatores de risco significativos não é recomendada.

Objetivos: Avaliar se os especialistas médicos se baseiam na literatura para solicitar o ecodoppler como screening.

Métodos: Realizou-se seleção retrospectiva dos pacientes a partir da solicitação de ecodoppler. Os dados coletados foram computados e analisados com o programa RStudio versão 1.3.959.

Resultados: Avaliou-se a solicitação como adequada, desde que os pacientes apresentassem pelo menos um fator de risco para placas carotídeas. Entre 152 pacientes, 55 preenchiam critérios para screening de carótidas, a principal indicação na população estudada foi o check-up vascular. Hipertensão arterial foi o fator de risco mais prevalente. Os especialistas em cirurgia vascular obtiveram êxito maior ao solicitar o exame de maneira adequada [razão de chances de indicações corretas de 3,52 (IC 1,14-10,87), com p = 0,02]. A assertividade nas indicações de ecodoppler foi de 36% (IC95% 29-42%).

Conclusões: Conclui-se que houve excesso de solicitação de ultrassonografia de carótidas como screening. Os cirurgiões vasculares solicitaram o exame de maneira mais assertiva.

Palavras-chave

aterosclerose carotídea assintomática, screening de estenose carotídea assintomática, ultrassonografia de artérias carótidas

Abstract

Background: Carotid arteries are frequently the site of pathologies, the most common being atherosclerosis, which may result in the formation of plaques, causing stenosis. Doppler ultrasound is currently the exam of choice for assessment of the carotid arteries in asymptomatic patients to screen for and diagnose vascular lesions. Current guidelines recommend screening patients who have risk factors for carotid stenosis and who are able and willing to undergo medical treatment and/or carotid intervention. Screening asymptomatic patients in the general adult population who have no significant risk factors is not recommended.

Objectives: To assess whether medical experts rely on the literature to request Doppler ultrasound for screening.

Methods: A retrospective selection of patients was performed based on requests for carotid ultrasound. The data collected were computed and analyzed using RStudio version 1.3.959.

Results: The request was evaluated as appropriate as long as the patients presented at least one risk factor for carotid plaques. Fifty-five out of 152 patients met criteria for carotid screening. The most frequent indication in the study population was vascular check-up. Arterial hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor. Vascular surgery specialists were more likely to order the exam correctly (odds ratio for correct indications: 3.52 [CI 1.14 – 10.87], with p=0.02). The rate of correct Doppler ultrasound requests was 36% (95%CI 29 to 42%).

Conclusions: An excess of requests for carotid ultrasound screening was found in this study. Vascular surgeons more often requested the test correctly.

Keywords

asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis; screening for asymptomatic carotid stenosis; carotid artery ultrasonography

References

1 Freitas P, Piccinato CE, Martins WP, Mauad F Fo. Aterosclerose carotídea avaliada pelo eco-Doppler: associação com fatores de risco e doenças arteriais sistêmicas. J Vasc Bras. 2008;7(4):298-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1677-54492009005000001.

2 Isolan GR, Pereira AH, de Aguiar PHP, Antunes ACM, Mousquer JP, Pierobon MR. Microsurgical anatomy of the external carotid artery: a stereoscopic study. J Vasc Bras. 2011;11(1):3-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1677-54492012000100002.

3 Costa AG, Gadelha PS, Tomé DRB, Costa EA. Diagnóstico da doença carotídea aterosclerótica pela ultrassonografia e Doppler. Rev Soc Bras Ultrassonografia. 2018;25:24-31.

4 Presti C, Miranda FM Jr, Silva JCCB, et al. Doença carotídea extracraniana diagnóstico e tratamento. São Paulo: SBACV; 2015. p. 1-27. Projeto Diretrizes SBACV.

5 Souza LV, Castro CC, Cerri GG. Avaliação da aterosclerose carotídea por intermédio de ultra-sonografia e ressonância magnética. Radiol Bras. 2005;38(2):81-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-39842005000200003.

6 Flumignan CDQ, Flumignan RLG, Navarro TP. Estenose de carótida extracraniana: revisão baseada em evidências. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2017;44(3):293-301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-69912017003012. PMid:28767806.

7 Naidich JB, Weiss A, Grimaldi GM, Kohn N, Naidich JJ, Pellerito JS. Carotid ultrasound examinations: indications correlated with abnormal findings. Ultrasound Quarterly. 2018;34(3):183-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000371.

8 Song P, Fang Z, Wang H, et al. Global and regional prevalence, burden, and risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and modelling study. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8(5):e721-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30117-0. PMid:32353319.

9 Santos MG, Pegoraro M, Sandrini F, Macuco EC. Fatores de risco no desenvolvimento da aterosclerose na infância e adolescência. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008;90(4):301-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2008000400012. PMid:18516390.

10 AbuRahma AF, Avgerinos ED, Chang RW, et al. Society for Vascular Surgery clinical practice guidelines for management of extracranial cerebrovascular disease. J Vasc Surg. 2022;75(1S):4S-22S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2021.04.073. PMid:34153348.

11 Woo SY, Joh JH, Han SA, Park HC. Prevalence and risk factors for atherosclerotic carotid stenosis and plaque: A population-based screening study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(4):e5999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005999. PMid:28121957.

12 Paraskevas KI, Eckstein HH, Mikhailidis DP, Veith FJ, Spence JD. Rationale for screening selected patients for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2020;36(3):361-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2020.1713075. PMid:31910676.

13 Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(9):763-816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095. PMid:28886620.

14 Staub D. Duplex ultrasound in cerebrovascular disease - asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Ther Umsch. 2018;75(8):489-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a001029. PMid:31038044.

15 Santos SN, Alcantara ML, Freire CMV, et al. Posicionamento de ultrassonografia vascular do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - 2019. Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem Cardiovasc. 2019;32(3):157-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-8219.20190035.

16 LeFevre ML, US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(5):356-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M14-1333. PMid:25003392.

17 Freire CMV, Alcantara ML, Santos SN, et al. Recomendação para a Quantificação pelo Ultrassom da Doença Aterosclerótica das Artérias Carótidas e Vertebrais: Grupo de Trabalho do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - DIC - SBC. Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem Cardiovasc. 2015;28(No. esp):e1-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-8219.20150018.

18 Krist AH, Davidson KW, Mangione CM, et al. Screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA. 2021;325(5):476-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.26988. PMid:33528542.

19 Miot HA. Tamanho da amostra em estudos clínicos e experimentais. J Vasc Bras. 2011;10(4):275-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1677-54492011000400001. PMid:30787944.

20 Qureshi AI, Alexandrov AV, Tegeler CH, Hobson RW 2nd, Dennis Baker J, Hopkins LN. Guidelines for Screening of Extracranial Carotid Artery Disease: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the Multidisciplinary Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Society of Neuroimaging. J Neuroimaging. 2007;17(1):19-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6569.2006.00085.x. PMid:17238868.

21 Shen WK, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2017;136(5):25-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000498. PMid:28280232.

22 De Weerd M, Greving JP, Hedblad B, et al. Prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in the general population: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Stroke. 2010;41(6):1294-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.581058. PMid:20431077.

23 Naylor AR, Ricco JB, de Borst GJ, et al. Management of Atherosclerotic Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease: 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2018;55(1):3-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.06.021. PMid:28851594.

24 de Weerd M, Greving JP, De Jong AWF, Buskens E, Bots ML. Prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis according to age and sex: systematic review and metaregression analysis. Stroke. 2009;40(4):1105-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.532218. PMid:19246704.

25 Hemingway JF. Atherosclerotic disease of the carotid artery. Medscape; 2021. [citado 2022 abr 22]. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/463147-print

26 Abbott AL, Brunser AM, Giannoukas A, et al. Misconceptions regarding the adequacy of best medical intervention alone for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. J Vasc Surg. 2020;71(1):257-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.04.490. PMid:31564585.
 


Submitted date:
06/20/2022

Accepted date:
05/18/2023

Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular (SBACV)"> Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular (SBACV)">
64de34f4a953953ca8055d83 jvb Articles
Links & Downloads

J Vasc Bras

Share this page
Page Sections