Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://www.jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/1677-5449.210014
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Original Article

Morphohistological analysis of the prevalence and distribution of atheroma in the abdominal aorta and its branches: a cadaveric study

Análise morfo-histológico sobre prevalência e distribuição de ateroma na aorta abdominal e em seus ramos: estudo em cadáveres

Naveen Kumar; Ashwini P. Aithal; Seemithr Verma

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Abstract

Abstract: Background: Aneurysms and atheromatous processes are prominent pathological features that are commonly associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Objectives: This cadaveric study was conducted to evaluate the morphometric and histological aspects of atheromatous plaque formation in abdominal aortas and their branches and their associated morphological variations, if present, characterized by loops, kinking, or tortuosity.

Methods: The study was performed using 30 human cadavers (approx. 65-75 years). Frequency of occurrence of calcified plaques in the abdominal aorta and its branches and their morphometric measurements were noted and histological features were observed with the aid of Hematoxylin & Eosin staining.

Results: Variations in the abdominal aorta and the common iliac artery were observed in 16.6% of specimens. Atheromatous plaque formation was seen in 2 specimens (1 specimen was associated with kinking) while in 3 other specimens only variation in normal structure (kinking/ tortuous artery) was observed. Histological analysis showed foamy macrophages and dense calcification, giving an atheromatous appearance.

Conclusions: Cadaveric reports of the location, nature, and degree of plaque formation in the abdominal aorta and its branches are extremely important in clinical settings and for choosing treatment options.

Keywords

abdominal aorta, iliac artery, atheroma, plaque, stenosis

Resumo

Resumo: Contexto: Aneurismas e processos ateromatosos são características patológicas perceptíveis que costumam estar associadas a morbidade e mortalidade significativas.

Objetivos: Este estudo em cadáveres teve como objetivo avaliar os aspectos morfométricos e histológicos da formação de placa ateromatosa na aorta abdominal e em seus ramos com suas subsequentes variações morfológicas caracterizadas por enrolamentos, acotovelamentos ou tortuosidades, se presentes.

Métodos: O estudo foi realizado com 30 cadáveres humanos (aproximadamente 65-75 anos). Foi descrita a frequência de ocorrência de placas calcificadas na aorta abdominal e em seus ramos com as respectivas medidas morfométricas e características histológicas com auxílio da coloração por hematoxilina e eosina.

Resultados: Variações na aorta abdominal e na artéria ilíaca comum foram observadas em 16,6% dos espécimes. A formação de placa ateromatosa foi observada em dois espécimes (um espécime foi associado a acotovelamento), enquanto em outros três espécimes houve apenas variação na estrutura normal (acotovelamento/artéria tortuosa). A análise histológica mostrou macrófagos espumosos e calcificação densa, o que gerou uma impressão ateromatosa.

Conclusões: Os estudos em cadáveres sobre localização, natureza e grau de formação de placa na aorta abdominal e em seus ramos são extremamente importantes para os cenários clínicos e as opções de tratamento.
 

Palavras-chave

aorta abdominal, artéria ilíaca, ateroma, placa, estenose

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Submitted date:
01/19/2021

Accepted date:
02/21/2021

Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular (SBACV)"> Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular (SBACV)">
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