Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://www.jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/S1677-54492007000300010
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Review Article

Métodos de diagnóstico não-invasivos para avaliação da insuficiência venosa dos membros inferiores

Noninvasive diagnostic methods to evaluate venous insufficiency of the lower limbs

Orlando Adas Saliba Jr.; Mariangela Giannini; Hamilton Almeida Rollo

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Resumo

A avaliação clínica dos membros inferiores na insuficiência venosa por si só não identifica os sistemas envolvidos ou os níveis anatômicos, sendo necessários exames complementares. Esses exames podem ser invasivos ou não-invasivos. Os invasivos, como flebografia e pressão venosa ambulatória, apesar de terem boa acurácia, trazem desconforto e complicações. Dentre os não-invasivos, destacam-se: Doppler ultra-som de ondas contínuas, fotopletismografia, pletismografia a ar e mapeamento dúplex. O Doppler ultra-som avalia a velocidade do fluxo sangüíneo de maneira indireta. A fotopletismografia avalia o tempo de reenchimento venoso, fornecendo um parâmetro objetivo de quantificação do refluxo venoso. A pletismografia a ar permite quantificar a redução ou não da capacitância, o refluxo e o desempenho da bomba muscular da panturrilha. O dúplex é considerado padrão-ouro dentre os não-invasivos, porque permite uma avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa, fornecendo informações anatômicas e funcionais, dando avaliação mais completa e detalhada dos sistemas venosos profundo e superficial.

Palavras-chave

Diagnóstico, insuficiência venosa, ultra-som, pletismografia

Abstract

Clinical evaluation of lower limbs of patients with venous insufficiency alone may not identify involved systems or anatomical sites, thus complementary tests are needed. These tests can be invasive or noninvasive. Invasive tests, such as phlebography and ambulatory venous pressure, despite being accurate, may produce discomfort and complications. Some of the most used noninvasive tests are continuous wave Doppler ultrasound, photoplethysmography, air plethysmography and duplex scanning. Doppler ultrasound assesses blood flow velocity indirectly. Photoplethysmography assesses venous refilling time, providing an objective parameter of venous reflux quantification. Air plethysmography allows quantification of reduction in venous capacitance, reflux and performance of the calf muscle pump. Duplex is considered a gold standard among noninvasive methods, because it allows quantitative and qualitative evaluation, supplying anatomical and functional information, thus providing a more complete and detailed evaluation of both deep and superficial venous system.

Keywords

Diagnosis, venous insufficiency, ultrasonics, plethysmography

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