Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://www.jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/S1677-54492009005000009
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Original Article

Prevalência e fatores de risco da doença arterial periférica sintomática e assintomática em hospital terciário, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Marilia Duarte Brandão Panico; Ethel Stambovsky Spichler; Mario Fritsch Neves; Liana Wernersbach Pinto; David Spichler

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Resumo

CONTEXTO: Doença arterial periférica é caracterizada pelo índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) < 0,90, em indivíduos ≥ 40 anos, aumentando a prevalência com a idade. OBJETIVO: Detectar a prevalência de doença arterial periférica assintomática e sintomática, com introdução do ITB, associada a fatores de risco demarcados. MÉTODOS: Coorte descritiva identificada em unidade hospitalar terciária de angiologia, de dezembro de 2006 a dezembro de 2007, com idade ≥ 30 anos. Doenças pregressas e fatores de risco foram analisados associados à prevalência. ITB < 0,90 e questionário padronizado definiram doença arterial periférica sintomática com claudicação e assintomática com ausência de claudicação, ambas comparadas aos sem doença arterial periférica (ITB 0,90-1,30). A análise estatística utilizou programa SPSS, com significância de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Dos 407 pacientes, 248 apresentaram doença arterial periférica, sendo 52,2% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 70,1±10,2 anos (p < 0,005). A prevalência de 60,9% (IC95% 56-66) foi subdividida em: assintomática, 10,1% (IC95% 6,3-13,8); e sintomática, 89,9% (IC95% 86,2-93,7). Destes, 32,2% (IC95% 26,4-38,1) apresentaram isquemia crítica. Ajustada por sexo e idade, a prevalência aumenta significativamente entre 55-74 anos, com predomínio do feminino (1,35:1) nos indivíduos acima de 74 anos. A prevalência dos assintomáticos e sintomáticos foi influenciada por tabagismo, hipertensão, diabéticos autorreferidos e confirmados, sobrepeso, infarto agudo do miocárdio e acidente vascular encefálico (p < 0,005). A média do ITB foi mais baixa nos sintomáticos (0,57±0,17) (p < 0,005). CONCLUSÃO: O ITB detectou doença arterial periférica com graus variáveis de gravidade associada a fatores de risco, identificando os assintomáticos não-claudicantes e os sintomáticos em unidade terciária.

Palavras-chave

Doença arterial periférica sintomática e assintomática, diagnóstico, índice tornozelo-braquial, prevalência, fatores de risco

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