Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://www.jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/S1677-54492010000300017
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Case Report

Angioplastia carotídea com reversão do fluxo em octogenários: relato de caso

Carotid angioplasty with flow reversion in octogenarians: a case report

Bernardo Massière; Arno von Ristow; Rafael Dias Vieira; José Mussa Cury; Marcus Gress; Alberto Vescovi; Carlos Peixoto; Marcos Areas Marques

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1677-54492010000300017 J Vasc Bras, vol.9, n3, p.186-189, 2010
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Resumo

Pacientes octogenários submetidos à angioplastia carotídea apresentam maior incidência de eventos neurológicos quando comparados a grupos de pacientes mais jovens e a grupos da mesma faixa etária submetidos à endarterectomia carotídea. A maior taxa de complicações pode ser explicada por fatores anatômicos e anatomopatológicos que aumentam a dificuldade técnica e o risco de ateroembolismo do procedimento endovascular. O procedimento foi realizado no centro cirúrgico, com o paciente em decúbito dorsal e sob anestesia geral. Realizamos acesso cirúrgico transverso limitado, na base do pescoço à direita, com dissecção, identificação e reparo da artéria carótida comum e veia jugular interna. Foram administradas 10.000 U de heparina e puncionada a carótida comum pela técnica de Seldinger com introdução de bainha 8F em sentido cranial. Na sequência, foi puncionada a veia jugular interna com instalação de bainha 8F em sentido caudal. Em seguida, ambas as bainhas foram conectadas, utilizando-se um segmento de equipo de soro. A carótida comum foi fechada por cadarço duplo de silicone e o fluxo retrógrado pela carótida interna foi estabelecido. Subsequentemente, foi introduzido fio guia 0.014 x 190 cm com cruzamento da lesão, realizando-se angioplastia com balão 5 x 20 mm e em seguida stent (Wallstent® 7 x 50 - Boston Scientific) foi introduzido, posicionado e liberado. A angioplastia carotídea com reversão de fluxo, por via transcervical, constitui estratégia de proteção cerebral custo-eficiente e com menor potencial emboligênico em pacientes octogenários com anatomia desfavorável.

Palavras-chave

Doenças das artérias carótidas, angioplastia, embolia intracraniana

Abstract

Octogenarian patients submitted to carotid angioplasty present higher incidence of neurological events when compared to younger patients and to patients in this same age submitted to carotid endarterectomy. The higher complication rate could be related to anatomic and anatomopathological factors that increase technical difficulties and atheroembolic risk associated with the endovascular procedure. At the operating room, the patient was in dorsal decubitus position and submitted to general anesthesia. Limited transversal surgical access was carried out on the right neck base, with dissection, identification and restoration of the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein. A 8F sheath was implanted cranially oriented into the common carotid by Seldinger technique after endovenous injection of 10.000 UI of heparin. Another 8F sheath was implanted into the internal jugular vein in caudal orientation. Both sheath were connected by the use of infusion set segment. The common carotid artery was clamped with a silastic double lace, establishing reversion of blood flow in the internal carotid artery. The lesion was crossed by 0.014 x 190 cm wire and the carotid angioplasty was performed employing a 5 x 20 mm ballon and a stent (Wallstent® 7 x 50 - Boston Scientific) was introduced, positioned and released. Carotid angioplasty with transcervical flow reversal is a cost effective brain protection strategy, associated to low embolic potential in octagenarian patients with unfavorable anatomy.

Keywords

Carotid artery diseases, angioplasty, intracranial embolism

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